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Coinage of India
Coins provide not only evidence of art and economy, but also a wisdom for understanding the history and politics of a nation. As a means of communication, they speak to the political and religious ideologies that underpinned a ruler's or state's claim to power. Coinage of India, issued by Imperial dynasties and smaller middle kingdoms of India began during the 1st millennium BCE, and consisted mainly of copper and silver coins in its initial stage.〔Allan & Stern (2008)〕 Scholars remain divided over the origins of Indian coinage.〔Dhavalikar (1975)〕
In recent discoveries punched mark 'Mudras'(Coins) of stone have been found in lost city of Dwaraka. Which is said to be existed at least 5000 years ago. What is known, however, is that metal currency was minted in India well before the Mauryan empire (322–185 BCE),〔Sellwood (2008)〕 and as radio carbon dating indicates, before the 5th century BCE.〔
The tradition of Indian coinage was further influenced by the coming of Turkic and Mughal conqurors in India, their main influence on Indian coinage was the use of Arabic script.〔Allan & Stern (2008)〕 The East India Company introduced uniform coinage in the 19th century CE, and these coins were later imitated by the modern nation states of Republic of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh.〔Sutherland (2008)〕 Numismatics plays a valuable role in determining certain period of Indian history.〔
== Post Maha Janapadas period (400—200 BCE) ==
Early coins of India (400 BCE—100 CE) were made of silver and copper, and bore animal and plant symbols on them.〔
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